The Goddess Chang's fly to the moon

The story should begin with Houyi shooting down the suns. Long long time ago, Houyi and Chang Er were known as a happy couple in heaven and were deeply in love with each other. After Houyi shooting down the suns, the Jade Emperor got so furious that he ordered Houyi, together with Changer, to stay at the earth forever and never return to the heaven. Since then, they suffered from illness and death as ordinary human beings.

One day, Houyi met a Goddess on the top of Kunlun Mountain, the Goddess gave him one pill and told Hou Yi that if one person took the pill he would ascend to Heaven. But Hou Yi was unwilling to part with his wife, so he asked Chang Er to keep the pill after went back home.

A few days later, Hou Yi together with his believers to go out hunting, Peng Meng who was cunning pretend illness, and stayed at home.

　  soon after Houyi gone, Peng Meng holding a sword into the inner chamber, coercion Chang Er to hand over the pill.

　  Chang Er knew that she was unable to resist Peng Meng, so she swallowed the pill as soon as she took out it. Then the body immediately flew to the sky. As Chang Er worried about her husband, then fly to the moon from the earth into the nearest cent.

　  when Hou Yi returned home, maid cried the day they happened. The broken Hou Yi looking up at the night sky, calling his beloved wife's name. Then he was surprised to find the moon of that night is particularly bright and clear, and there is a shaking of the figure resembles the Chang Er.

　　Hou Yi quickly went to the garden, put a table some fruit and biscuit which are Chang Er favorite, worship his loved wife far away.

　　People also did as Hou Yi after heard about the news, to pray for good luck. It is said that day was exactly the mid-autumn day, so the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival worship spread.

Hou Yi shoots down the suns

The story begins around 2170 B.C. after the great flood in the Hsia dynasty. Yu, king of many kingdoms, was credited with stopping the flood, and with teaching farmers how to cultivate their fields, thus commencing a prosperous epoch.

At the same time in Heaven the Jade Emperor wished to help the farmers raise animals and cultivate their fields. He gave orders to his ten sons to become ten suns and travel across the sky one at a time, each taking one day. The ten young men disobeyed; all ten of them came out every day, and the heat from ten suns shining all at once made the earth intolerably hot. People and animals died of heat, rivers dried up, land became barren and forests scorched and burned.

The farmers prayed, giving sacrifices and burning incense to Heaven for deliverance. The Jade Emperor heard their prayers and saw the destruction caused by his sons. He sent Hou Yi, his bravest god, down to earth to solve the problem of the ten suns and end the catastrophe.
Hou Yi was a great archer and brought his magic bow from heaven with him. Knowing that Hou Yi came from heaven, the people of the clans proclaimed him to be their leader.

Seeing how much suffering and destruction were caused by the heat of the ten suns, Hou Yi climbed to the top of Tienshan mountain and began negotiating with the suns to have pity on the unfortunate people. He pleaded to the suns to take turns and make their journeys across the sky singly, one for each day, and explained the white blaze of ten suns is much too much for the land to bear. He also told them how much Heaven loves all living things.

But the ten audacious suns considered it dull and boring to go across the sky one at a time and that much more fun was to be had by coming out together, so they refused to listen. They increased their heat and caused even more suffering. This angered Hou Yi. He took out his magic bow and arrows and shot down nine of the suns; the last sun begged for his life and promised obedience at performing his task of separating night from day.

Finally the earth was at peace and people enjoyed their work and lives. However, when Hou Yi made his report to the Jade Emperor, he was furious at Hou Yi for killing his nine sons, and refused to let the Divine Couple return to Heaven.

China's three major Buddhist architecture

Chinese Culture--China's three major Buddhist architecture

1）Buddhist Temples

The Buddhist temple is the holy place where Buddhist doctrine is maintained. Differing from other religions' temples, Chinese Buddhist temples have many characteristics of their own. For example, similar to Chinese palaces and dwelling houses, they are comprised of a number of small yards. The oldest temple in China - White Horse Temple is a typical example of this.

The architectural styles of Buddhist temples in China were mainly formed in three periods: Han Dynasty (206BC-220), Northern and Southern Dynasties (386-589), and Tang Dynasty (618-907). The first period sees the retention of Indian styles. In the second period, wooden framework was added to the original styles. In the third period, the styles of Buddhist temples were totally Sinicized and the pavilion-like pagoda, which is unique to China, became popular.

2）Pagoda

Pagoda, symbol of Buddhism, where people climb to have a bird's-eye-view, is often erected in temples. Pagodas can be made of stone, wood, colored glaze or metal. Pagodas have an odd number of layers. Seven-layer and Nine-layer pagodas are commonly built. The shape of cross-section is rectangular, eight-sided or even circular. Initially, the pagoda served as the central axis alongside which rows of halls and monks' rooms spread out. Later, pagodas were built near the main palace hall.

3）Grotto

Grotto, another type of Buddhist architecture, is often chiseled into cliffs. In the 3rd century, Chinese Buddhists began to build grottoes and Xinjiang is the first area where grottoes were hewn. Grottoes are decorated with painted sculptures, carvings and frescos. Craftsmen revealed real life pictures and their understanding of society in these art works, which gave them great historical and cultural value. The four famous grottoes in China are: Mogao Caves, Longmen Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Maiji Caves. They are well preserved and attract many visitors from home and abroad.

Chinese Buddhist Architecture

Chinese Culture--Chinese Buddhist Architecture

Buddhism reached China first through the silk road that had started as a great trading route in the mid of the Former Han period. Buddhist architecture was introduced into China with the introduction of Buddhist religion during the Han dynasty. The Buddhist architecture was considered as aesthetic and cultural.

Generally speaking, Buddhist architecture follows the imperial style. Chinese Buddhist architecture consists of temple, pagoda and grotto or stone cave.

A large Buddhist monastery normally has a front hall, housing the statue of a Bodhisattva followed by a great hall, housing the status of the Buddhas, Accommodations for the monks and the nuns are located at the two sides.

The main emphasis in the Chinese Buddhist architecture was given on symmetries and layered roofs.

As the centuries passed, however, the shape of these temples took new forms. In the second and third century, the structures were basically made out of wood. Their shape took the form of a tetragonal under the Song during the 10^th Century. The next-dynasty, the Tang, decided to have their towers shaped into an octagon of diagonal. The number of stories varied with each of the building. The height demised regularly from the base to the summit buy everything else remained the same.

汉语语法――可能补语(the complement of potentiality)

一、定义（definition）

   可能补语表示主客观条件能否允许进行某种动作或实现某种结果和变化。【it indicates whether a condition (subjective or objective)allows an act to take place, or an effect or change to be realized】

如：Can you come back tonight?   你晚上回得来吗？

    Can you understand the teacher? 你听得懂吗？

二、表达结构（sentence structure）：

肯定句式（the affirmative form）：

verb + 得 + 结果补语（complement of result）/趋向补语  (complement of direction)看    得    见                     

他   看    得    见    黑板上的字。

否定句式(the negative form)：

verb + 不 + 结果补语/趋向补语

      看    不    见

他   看    不    见    黑板上的字。

一般问句(general question form)：

verb + 得 + 结果补语/趋向补语 + 吗？

      看    得    见                 吗？

 你   看    得    见    黑板上的字吗？

正反疑问句(the affirmative-negative question form)：

肯定句式  +  否定句式 + ？

            看得见       看不见     ？

黑板上的字你看得见       看不见     ？

……

你的生日是几月几号

汉语教程教案--你的生日是几月几号

导言：本课我们将学习

1、            名词谓语句（the sentence with a nominal predicate）

2、            年、月、日

3、            怎么问：疑问语调（Interrogation:the interrogation tone）

预习：

1、课文

2、生词

学习：

一、           课文（一）生词的学习

1、年：（名词）     nián    year

一年 ；今年 ；明年；去年 ；后年

今年是2010年，明年是2011年。

2、毕业：     bì yè    graduate

中学毕业；大学毕业

我明年大学毕业。

3、多：（副词）  duō    more

多大 ；多远；多长

你今年多大？

4、属：（动词）  shù  be born in the year of

属狗；属鸡

5、狗：（名词）    ɡǒu    dog

6、出生：（动词）   chū shēnɡ    be born

你什么时候出生？

我1990年出生。  

二、导入课文（一）

（一）你哪一年大学毕业

A：你哪一年大学毕业？

B：我明年大学毕业。你呢？

A：我后年。你今年多大了？

B：我二十一岁。属狗的。

A：你一九九二年出生，对吗？

B：对。

三、分析课文（一）及语言点

1、名词谓语句（the sentence with a nominal predicate）

（名词、名词词组、数量词、时间词等作谓语的句子叫名词谓语句。语序是：主语（S）+谓语（N）。意思是“A是B”，但谓语前不用“是”。否定句用“A不是B”

（when a sentence in which a noun ,noun phrase ,numeral-quantifier compound ,or temporal word functions as the predicate ,we say it is a sentence with a nominal predicate.Its grammatical order is :subject(S)+predicate(N),denoting “A is B”.“是”is not used before the predicate.The negative form is “A不是B”）

例：（1）A：今天几号？

B：今天十月八号。

（2）A：今天星期几？

B：今天星期二。

（3）A：苹果一斤多少钱？

B：一斤六块五。

（4）小马二十岁？

主语（subject）	谓语（predicate）
今天	几号
今天	十月八号
今天	星期几
今天	星期二
苹果一斤	多少钱
苹果一斤	六块五
小马	二十岁

2、年、月、日

（1）年的读法 （how to read the year）

1997年            yī jiǔ jiǔ qī nián

2000年            èr líng líng líng nián

2002年            èr líng líng èr nián

（2）12个月的名称（Names of the 12 months）

一月       二月       三月       四月       五月       六月

七月       八月       九月       十月       十一月       十二月

（3）日期的名称（The date）

一日（号）    二日（号）    三日（号）    四日（号）    五日（号）  

六日（号）    七日（号）    八日（号）    九日（号）    十日（号）  

十一日（号）…………………………………………………………二十日（号）    二十一日（号）……………………………………………………… 三十日（号）三十一日（号）

“日”和“号”都表示某一天，“日”用于书面语，“号”用于口语（Both “日”and“号”mean a certain day. “日”is used in writing while“号”is used in the spoken language）

四、练习

1、写出下列年月日（write down the following dates）

1919年5月4日：___________________________________________________

1931年9月18日：__________________________________________________

1949年10月1日：__________________________________________________

1997年7月1日：___________________________________________________

2000年9月10日：__________________________________________________