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New HSK Level-6——the second part of reading

新HSK六级“阅读”的第二部分是选词填空，共10题，这部分的题目一般是一段话，每段话中都留有3—5个空格，每个空有4个选项，考生要根据上下文的意思、语境等要求选出最合适的一组答案。

这部分试题要求考生不仅要掌握好六级大纲中的词语，注意形近词语、同义词语的辨析，还要注意上下文语境、前后连贯以及词语的感情色彩。关于大纲词语的详细讲解，请大家认真学习本课程词汇部分。下面我们将从惯用搭配和感情色彩、量词等解题技巧进行分析、讲解。

一、上下文语境

1、语境，指的是语言的使用环境，它包括上下文、情景、对象等方面。通常我们可以根据一段话的语境来进行一些相关细节的猜测，从而对所要选择的词语的进行确定、验证。语境判断：

A、首先要通读所提供的语段。

B、然后对语段的所要表达的意思进行合理的猜测，从而选择符合的词语。

C、通读语段，进行验证。

2、例如：父母最好不要给孩子强加各种不切实际的目标，增加他们的_________。我们要让他们在自然的_________下，_________到学习的重要性，在_________和赞赏中，激发他们学习的动力。

   A、活力   状况   感受   满意    B、动力   情况   感觉   欣赏

   C、负担   条件   体验   尊敬    C、压力   状态   体会   尊重

  解题：第一个空中，根据上文“父母不要……”可以推断这个空所填的词语应该不是太正面的，所以A和B中的“活力”和“动力”都不适合。第二空C和D的“在……条件下”和“在……状态下”都是可以的，第三个空“体验”和“体会”其实意思也接近。最后一个空，“尊敬”一般用在长辈或是上级，而对于孩子，应该是“尊重”。所以最后正确的答案是D。

二、惯用搭配

1、词语搭配，包括动宾、介宾、动补、宾补和复句关联词语搭配等内容。而且词语搭配都是固定搭配，不能随意变换。这部分需要同学们日常的积累，如果能较熟练地掌握这些固定搭配，会为解题提供较大的帮助的。

2、下面我们总结了一些常见的搭配，希望大家能认真掌握：

1、据……观察	据我这段时间的观察，发现他没什么工作能力。
2、据……了解	据记者了解，今年液晶电视的销售情况十分喜人。
3、对……有益    对……有害	锻炼身体对健康有益。 抽烟对身体有害。
4、对……感兴趣	他对中国文化非常感兴趣。
5、为……担心	我在这儿很好，不用为我担心。
6、向……学习	他学习很认真，我们都应该向他学习。
7、向……问好	请代我向你父亲问好。
8、就……而言	就投篮技术而言，我们队比你们对强得多。
9、就……来说	就他的语言学习能力来说，我们班没有人比得上他。
10、对……来说	对我们来说，汉字不算太难。
11、拿……来说	拿产品质量来说，最近有了很大的提高。
12、以……为……	我们都要以他为学习榜样，努力做好自己的工作。
13、跟……有关	研究表明肥胖跟一个人的吃饭速度有关。
14、与……相比	与去年相比，今年的报名人数增加了20%。
15、依……看（之见）	以我看，没有必要这么做。/以我之见，没有必要这么做。
16、根据……的需要	我们应该根据自己的需要，选择合适的相机。
17、经……批准	经校领导的批准，他又回来工作了。
18、受……欢迎	游乐园非常受孩子的欢迎。
19、所+动词	你所谈到的问题，我们都很感兴趣。
20、动词+于	他1999年毕业于北京大学。
21、动词+自	他来自美国。

三、词语的感情色彩

词语的感情色彩分为三种：褒义词、 贬义词、 中性词。

1、褒义词：含有赞赏、嘉许、褒扬、喜爱、尊崇、美好、吉祥等感情色彩意义的词。

如：助人为乐 、鞠躬尽瘁、理想、顽强等；    

2、贬义词：词义带有贬斥、否定、憎恨、轻蔑感情色彩的词。

如：遗臭万年、鼠目寸光、狗腿子、怂恿、顽固等；    

3、中性词：是不带褒义和贬义感情色彩的词语，根据语言表达的需要可以用于好的方面，也可以用于坏的方面。

如：无奇不有、无声无息 、不由自主、鼓励等。

4、词语的褒贬色彩在特定的语言环境中可以发生变化。如“骄傲”的贬褒用法：

褒义用法：小雨去市里参加数学竞赛，得了第一名，我真为他骄傲！

贬义用法：王凯期末考试得了98分，就骄傲的不得了。

考题实战

1、放弃其实就是一种选择，我们只有在困境中放弃沉重的负担，才会拥有必胜的_________，才使我们走出阴雨绵绵的_________，放弃可以另辟蹊径，人生一样会很_________！

  A、信心   岁月    漂亮   B、想法    时间 美好

C、信念   日子    美丽   D、观念    时候 好过

解题：第一、第二个空比较不好判断，我们先从第三个空开始。A和D的“漂亮”和“好过”都不可以形容“人生”，所以只剩下B和C；而第二个空中“阴雨绵绵”不可以修饰“时间”，所以正确答案是C。

2、自信取决于一个人的内在_________，当人缺少自信时，就会_________勇气，瞧不起自己，做事犹豫不决等。_________可以使学生找回自信。

  A、品行    不足    鼓舞 B、品行 缺少   奖励

C、品德    不够    鼓劲 D、品质 缺乏   鼓励

解题：第二个空需要一个动词，而A和C中的“不足”和“不够”是形容词，不合适，这段话讲的是关于人失去自信、缺少自信，是关于抽象方面的，所以应该是“鼓励”，奖励的意思的“用物质的方式进行表扬、鼓励。”所以正确答案是D。

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How do I use questions to engage learners?

Younger learners have shorter attention spans than older learners. In order to assure effective learning, a teacher needs to engage learners. One effective way to call on their attention is by posing questions to them. The type of questions a teacher asks for this purpose must trigger critical thinking. In other words, a teacher provokes critical thinking and comparative learning by asking questions that draw attention, curiosity and help learners to summarize what they learned. We have three little tips on this issue:

1. Ask open-ended questions from “ What? When? Where?” to “ Why?” and “ How?” to encourage critical thinking. Give hints, provide examples, use humour, and encourage guessing. Lead them to the right answer.

2. Get everyone involved. Do not confirm the correct answer until several people answer.

3. Do not forget to reward good answers ( not necessarily correct answers) with encouragement and, more importantly, some “ bonus points.” Positive reinforcement brings more active participation.

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The 24 Solar Terms

The 24 Solar Terms

A solar term is any of 24 points in traditional East Asian lunisolar calendars that matches a particular astronomical event or signifies some natural phenomenon. The points are spaced 15° apart along the ecliptic and are used by lunisolar calendars to stay synchronized with the seasons. Solar terms originated in China, then spread to Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. This is exhibited by the fact that traditional Chinese, Hanja, and Kanji characters for most of the solar terms are identical.

Following is the Chinese name of 24 Solar Terms:

立春 ( Li Chun) the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term) Feb.3,4, or 5雨水 ( Yu Shui) Rain Water (2nd solar term) Feb.18,19 or 20惊蜇 (Jing Zhe) the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) Mar.5,6, or 7春分 (Chun Fen) the Spring Equinox (4th solar term) Mar.20,21 or 22清明 ( Qing Ming) Pure Brightness (5th solar term) Apr.4,5 or 6谷雨 (Gu Yu) Grain Rain (6th solar term) Apr.19,20 or 21立夏 (Li Xia) the Beginning of Summer (7th solar term) May 5,6 or 7小满 (Xiao Man) Lesser Fullness of Grain (8th solar term) May 20,21 or 22芒种 ( Mang Zhong) Grain in Beard (9th solar term) Jun.5,6 or 7夏至 (Xia Zhi) the Summer Solstice (10th solar term) Jun.21 or 22小暑 (Xiao Shu) Lesser Heat (11th solar term) Jul.6,7 or 8大暑 ( Da Shu) Greater Heat (12th solar term) Jul.22,23 or 24立秋 (Li Qiu) the Beginning of Autumn (13th solar term) Aug.7,8 or 9处暑 (Chu Shu) the End of Heat (14th solar term) Aug.22,23 or 24白露 (Bai Lu) White Dew (15th solar term) Sep.7,8 or 9秋分 (Qiu Fen) the Autumn Equinox (16th solar term) Sep.22,23 or 24寒露 (Han Lu) Cold Dew (17th solar term) Oct.8 or 9霜降 (Shuang Jiang) Frost's Descent (18th solar term) Oct.23 or 24立冬 (Li Dong) the Beginning of Winter (19th solar term) Nov.7 or 8小雪 (Xiao Xue) Lesser Snow (20th solar term) Nov.22 or 23大雪 (Da Xue) Greater Sonw (21th solar term) Dec.6,7 or 8冬至 (Dong Zhi) the Winter Solstice (22th solar term) Dec.21,22 or 23小寒 (Xiao Han) Lesser Cold (23th solar term) Jan.5,6 or 7大寒 (Da Han ) Greater Cold (24th solar term) Jan.20 or 2

And there is a song for remembering the 24 Solar Terms:   

chūn yǔ jīnɡ chūn qīnɡ ɡǔ tiān ， xià mǎn mánɡ xià shǔ xiānɡ lián春 雨 惊 春 清 谷 天， 夏 满 芒 夏 暑 相 连

qiū chù lù qiū hán shuānɡ jiànɡ ， dōnɡ xuě xuě dōnɡ xiǎo dà hán秋 处 露 秋 寒 霜 降， 冬 雪 雪 冬 小 大 寒

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Lìchūn--spring begins

The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 solar terms (节气). Lìchūn is the 1st solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 315° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 330°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 315°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around February 4 and ends around February 18 (February 19 East Asia time).

Lichun signifies the beginning of spring in East Asian cultures. Chinese New Year is celebrated around this time. Farmers often celebrate the beginning of Lichun with special village events, worship and offerings to the gods and ceremonies for a blissful and prosperous new year. In China, people eat chūnbǐng (春饼) on this day.

In the Republic of China, Lichun has been Farmer's Day since 1941.

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Here, you can know more chinese colorful cultures

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chinaware,chinese ceramic

China is one of the old-line civilized old counties, contributed much to human society’s advancement and development. Especially, the achievement on the ceramic technic and art had special meaning. In China, the appearance of ceramic technic could date back from 4500 BC to 2500 BC, in other words, one of the Chinese national phylogeny’s important composed part is the ceramic phylogeny. Chinese pursuit of scientific technic achievement and the art were mostly embodied by making ceramics and had been formed the typical each era’s technic and art characteristic.

Dinnerware pieces are among some of the oldest objects created and used by humans. Nearly every primitive society, as far back as history goes, produced dinnerware in some form or another. In addition to its use as eating utensils and food holders, each pieces of dinnerware were also used for carrying water and cooking. The Chinese are credited with inventing what most people consider today’s dinnerware, and the development of thousand-year-old processes which eventually led to the mixing of clay and stone to produce the first true porcelain pieces. Continued development and experimentation led to the discovery of fireable clear and colored glazes, as well as individualized decoration. Much of current dinnerware designs owe much of its development to advances made in body and glaze formulas, decorative methods.
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chinese painting

Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world. The earliest paintings were not representational but ornamental; they consisted of patterns or designs rather than pictures. Early pottery was painted with spirals, zigzags, dots, or animals. It was only during the  Warring States Period (475-221 BC) that artists began to represent the world around them.
Painting in the traditional style is known today in Chinese as guó huà (国画), meaning 'national' or 'native painting', as opposed to Western styles of art which became popular in China in the 20th century. Traditional painting involves essentially the same techniques as and is done with a brush dipped in black or colored ink ;ich paintings are made of are paper and silk. The finished work can be mounted on scrolls, such as hanging srolls and handscrolls. Traditional painting can also be done on album sheets, walls, lacquerware, folding screens, and other media.
The two main techniques in Chinese painting are:

·     Meticulous – gong bi (工筆) often referred to as "court-style" painting

·     Freehand – shui mo(水墨) loosely termed watercolour or brush painting. The Chinese character "mo" means ink and "shui" means water. This style is also referred to as "xie yi" (寫意) or freehand style.

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Tea Wares

1.      History of Tea Wares

Tea wares have been used for a long time in Chinea.

In Lu Yu’s Tea Classics the green porcelain from Shaoxing like crystal or jade with elegant design and exquisite decoration is described as the best in the Tang Dynasty. Tea wares made of metals were served and for civilians porcelain and earthen wares were commonly used.

In the Song Dynasty, black glazed teacups were preferred, because of the white foam. When boiled water was added to the teacup the most desirable white foam came up. Against the black tea ware it was easy to observe.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Grey/white porcelain tea wares were the best.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, tea was made up by pouring boiled water onto loose tea leaves. The tea liquor turned yellowish white, so snow-white teacups replaced the black-glazed tea ware of the Song Dynasty.

In the middle of the Ming, with the advent of purple clay tea ware, focus was not limited to the color contrast of tea liquor and tea ware, but switched to the fragrance and taste of tea. The production of various teapots came to its pinnacle.

In the Qing Dynasty, production of white glazed porcelain tea-wares was thriving.

2.      Appreciation of the Tea Wares

Tea wares consist of ovens, tea rollers, teapots, cups, tea bowls, and trays and so on. Among them tea cups and tea pots are most important.

There are two stages for people to choose tea cups. One is that before purple clay teapot（Zi Sha Hu）, attention was paid to the color. For example, Green tea goes with white porcelain without a cover; scented tea goes with celadon or blue and white porcelain with a cover. The other is after purple clay teapot, people care about both color and taste of tea. The harmonious combination of function, material, and color of tea ware is essential to excellent tea.

3.      Production of Tea Wares

In line with the popularity of tea drinking , various kinds of tea wares went on developing. Tea wares are made of different materials. All of materials make a rich and colourful varieties of tea wares in the history of tea-drinking in China. The materials are: earthen clay, porcelains, bronze, tin, jade, lacquer, glass and ceramic.

JIngdezhen, jin Jiangxi Provence, is the porcelain capital. It is known to the world by its grey glazed porcelains with flower patterns since the Yuan Dynasty. Tea wares made for the royal family are from Jingdezhen. Black glazed tea ware from Fujian is dominant. Purple clay tea wares emerged in Yixing, Jiangsu Province.

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The Chinese Literary Culture Related to the Character “酒”(wine)

Just because wine has a very long history, because it is close to people’s daily life and because it is regarded as a kind of entertainment, there are quite a lot of saying or tales or anecdotes related to it.

1）Enjoy while one can. （今朝有酒今朝醉）

2）Many kiss the baby for the nurse’s sake.（醉翁之意不在酒）

3）Guan Gong beheaded Hua Xiong while heating liquor.（关公温酒斩华雄）

4）Cao Cao was cooking a liquor commenting on heroes.（曹操煮酒论英雄）

5）Drunken Beauty of the highest ranking in the imperial cuts in right in front of Bawang.（贵妃醉酒别霸王）

6）Wu Song was fighting a tiger while he was drunk.（武松醉酒打老虎）

7）The sun has not set, yet I feel I must drink and sing. （白日放歌须纵酒）

8）One can’t be drunk if he ‘s not in the mood.（酒不醉人人自醉）

9）Wine can make sorrow more sorrowful.（酒入愁肠愁更愁）

10）            Raising my cup I invited the bright moon, with shadow and me, there appeared us three.（举杯邀明月，对影成三人）

11）            Sing with the wine while we can, for life is short.（对酒当歌，人生几何）

12）            A  pot of wine among the flowers, I drank along.（Or Amidst the flowers a jug of wine, I pour alone lacking companionship.）（花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲）

13）            Behind the red doors wine and meat stink, but on the roads lie men frozen to death.（朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨）

14）            I advise you for one cup of wine more, for westward outside Yang Pass you’ll have no friend more.（劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人）

15）            Cut running water with a sword, it will faster flow, drink wine to drown your sorrow, it will heavier grow.（抽刀断水水更流，举杯消愁愁更愁）

16）            If the friends and relatives in Luoyang ask about me, tell them my icy heart is as the wine in the jade pot. （洛阳亲友如相问，一片冰心在玉壶）

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